DOJ issues advisory opinion on rules on Military/Police Checkpoints - 24 March 2011

http://www.doj.gov.ph/index.php?rt=&tsq1=67


IV. ADVISORY
The general public is hereby advised on the rules on military/police checkpoints as follows:


CHECKPOINT MUST BE WELL-LIGHTED, PROPERLY IDENTIFIED AND MANNED BY UNIFORMED PERSONNEL.
Checkpoint guidelines provide that all personnel manning legitimate checkpoints should be in service uniform with the name plates and other identification tags clearly visible and readable.


UPON APPROACH, SLOW DOWN, DIM HEADLIGHTS AND TURN ON CABIN LIGHTS. NEVER STEP OUT OF THE VEHICLE.
In a checkpoint inquiry, the occupants cannot be compelled to step out of the vehicle.[2]

LOCK ALL DOORS. ONLY VISUAL SEARCH IS ALLOWED.
The search which is normally permissible is limited to visual search where the officer simply looks into the vehicle and flashes a light therein without opening the car’s door.[3]

DO NOT SUBMIT TO A PHYSICAL OR BODY SEARCH.
The search which is normally permissible is limited to an instance where the occupants are not subjected to a physical or body search.[4]

YOU ARE NOT OBLIGED TO OPEN GLOVE COMPARTMENT, TRUNK OR BAGS.
The personnel manning the checkpoint cannot compel the motorist to open the trunk or glove compartment of the car or any package contained therein. Such extensive search requires the existence of probable cause.[5]

ORDINARY/ROUTINE QUESTIONS MAY BE ASKED. BE COURTEOUS BUT FIRM WITH ANSWERS.
Checkpoint involves only a brief detention of travelers during which the vehicle’s occupants are required to answer a brief question or two.[6]

ASSERT YOUR RIGHTS, HAVE PRESENCE OF MIND AND DO NOT PANIC.
The constitutional immunity against unreasonable searches and seizures is a personal right which may be waived. Affirmative acts of volition without being forced or intimidated to do so, shall properly be construed as a clear waiver of right.[7]

KEEP YOUR DRIVER’S LICENSE AND CAR REGISTRATION HANDY AND WITHIN REACH.
To avoid delay and inconvenience, ready the car registration documents for inspection, in case requested by authorities.

BE READY TO USE YOUR CELLPHONE AT ANYTIME. SPEED DIAL EMERGENCY NUMBER.
In case of violation in any these standards, cellphones can be used anytime to call emergency numbers:117 (PNP) or (02) 521-2930 (DOJ Action Center).

REPORT VIOLATIONS IMMEDIATELY. YOUR ACTIONS MAY SAVE OTHERS.
All violations shall be reported to the authorities to ensure steps are taken to investigate checkpoint violations.

This Advisory is issued in line with the thrust of the Department to take a pro-active stance and dynamic approach in criminal justice concerns and all are enjoined to observe this Advisory.

(signed)
LEILA M. DE LIMA
Secretary

7 Leave No Trace Principles

http://www.leavenotracedude.com/lnt-principles.shtml


Watch a snowflake float down and land on the sidewalk. Within a few seconds, it has vanished, possibly leaving a faint spot of moisture. One snowflake is insignificant. 

Go to bed and look outside the next morning and see your sidewalk 5 inches deep in snow that you now have to shovel. What happened? A whole lot of tiny, insignificant snowflakes piled up and made a big impact, that's what!

The same sort of thing happens in the outdoors. One person dropping litter, stepping on fragile vegetation, or in some way not caring for the area will most likely be of little significance. But, when the millions and millions of visitors to the outdoors each year all contribute a bit of garbage or misguided actions, the results become a serious impact!

These seven principles help guide the ethical choices we make to preserve the outdoor experience for generations to come. Leaving no trace is the responsibility of every person. Please remember that these are not rules and regulations - they are guidelines to help shape and direct your ethical beliefs towards the world and your place in it.

Plan Ahead and Prepare

Hikers, campers, backpackers, horsemen, snowmobilers, rock climbers, rafters, and all other users of the outdoors can minimize potential damage to natural and cultural resources by taking time to plan and prepare for their trip. By performing proper planning, unexpected situations are avoided, local regulations are understood and followed, and a more enjoyable experience results.
Planning and preparation includes:

• Learn area regulations
• Avoid times of high use
• Obtain permits and permission as needed
• Understand weather patterns and potential extreme situations
• Keeping group size small, splitting large group into smaller trek crews
• Repackaging food to minimize waste
• Skill with map and compass and knowledge of the area being visited

Planning and preparation ensures:

• Risks are minimized because potential risks are known
• Attainable goals because routes and terrain are known
• An enjoyable trip because participant skills match the activities planned
• Minimized campsite impact because adequate time is allotted to reach and choose a site
• Minimized campfire impact because meals, shelter, and clothing are planned
• Minimized garbage and waste disposal because appropriate food is chosen and packaged

Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces

By concentrating activity to durable surfaces, damage to vegetation is minimized. While one step onto a meadow of grass will recover quickly, just a few people can damage the land enough that it can not recover soon enough to prevent others from seeing the damage. They may see it as an easier trail and use it, trampling it even more until it can never recover.
The same sort of problem can occur when an established campsite is occupied by a group too large for the area causing the site to gradually enlarge. Or, a site that is used too often can become void of all vegetation.
Durable Surfaces include:

• established trails and campsites
• rock, but be considerate of lichens
• gravel
• dry grasses
• snow
• water, for travel by watercraft
• sand
• compacted soil

Remember to:

• camp at least 200 feet from water sources and off the trail
• find your campsite - don't create one by changing the land to suit you
• Concentrate activity in popular or high-use areas:
  • use existing trails and designated campsites
  • walk single file in middle of trail tread, even through mud
  • focus activity where vegetation is absent, where ground has already been bared
  • keep groups and campsites small, place tents close together on bare ground
  • if you divide your group, do not visit between sites to avoid creating social trails
• Spread out activity in pristine areas:
  • keep an eye out for areas where impact is just beginning and avoid those areas
  • take individual paths across non-trailed areas to prevent formation of a trail and possible erosion
  • travel on and make camp on the most durable surface available
  • move camp daily to allow vegetation to recover
  • minimize traffic in camp and wear soft shoes to reduce damage to the area
  • follow local regulations above all other advice

Using durable surfaces ensures:

• existing trails will remain usable and unnecessary new trails will not be created
• established campsites will remain available for use
• the area will remain looking more like wilderness for future visitors
• your impact on the area will be as light as possible

Each area you visit may have different guidelines for minimizing your impact. Please review theSpecial Considerations pages for details. And, remember to check with local land managers to ensure you follow their prescribed techniques.

Dispose of Waste Properly

The proper way to dispose of all trash, garbage, left-over food, and human waste is to pack it out with you. This ensures that you have left nothing behind to affect the area you visited. Human waste is the one item that, because it's just yuchy, is most often left behind so disposing of it properly in the wild is a critical skill to learn.
There is really no excuse or reason to leave behind any food or trash, though. Burning it, burying it, or leaving it for the animals all cause very bad situations, often much worse than people imagine.
Pack It In, Pack It Out!
Disposing of waste includes:

• wastewater
  • use only small amounts of biodegradable soap
  • wash dishes and body at least 200 feet from camp and any water source
  • strain water through a fine screen to capture food particles and pack them out
  • disperse the water rather than pouring in a single spot
• Human Waste
  • this is most likely way to spread disease and illness to other people, so it needs to be done with vigilance
  • deposit at least 200 feet from water source, campsite, and trail
  • bury in shallow 6 inch hole dug in soil, not sand or gravel, then cover hole
  • pack out toilet paper rather than bury it
• Food
  • prepare only what you will eat to reduce garbage
  • collect all scraps and pack in plastic bags
  • recover dropped and spilled bits also
  • pack it out with your other garbage

Disposing of waste ensures:

• water resources will be more pure and usable
• established campsites will be used more because they will look nicer
• animals will look for natural food away from campsites

Leave What You Find

Not only should we leave nothing behind that we brought into the area, we should take nothing away that we found there.
By appreciating, photographing, and leaving attractive items untouched, visitors next year, tomorrow, or even later this same day can discover them anew and feel the great sense of excitement that you felt. Who knows, just yesterday someone may have been tempted to pick that flower but left it there just for you!
The only thing you should take out is the garbage of other people you may find.
Leaving what you find includes:

• leaving flowers, sticks, driftwood, bark, rocks, arrowheads and other artifacts, animals, skeletons, and any other items without required permits and permission
• leaving campsites as you found them:
  • do not dig trenches around tents
  • do not create furniture or structures
  • do not hammer nails into trees
  • do not chop or saw trees or throw hatchets at trees
  • do not alter the area in any way
  • be careful whenever you tie an animal, hammock, or other rope to a tree to prevent damage to the bark
  • return pine needles, sticks, surface rocks that you may have brushed aside
• refraining from arranging stones or scratching on rocks or drawing in sand or dirt to 'leave your mark'
• prevent invasion of non-native species from one area

Leaving what you find ensures:

• a more natural experience for others
• continued health of the area

You may even consider improving a campsite before you leave. Dismantling and dispersing multiple fire rings, tables, lean-tos, and other inappropriate structures may make the campsite more usable. It is best to check with local land managers beforehand to find out if the campsites you plan to stop at should be cleaned or left as they are.

Minimize Campfire Impacts

Fire is good. Fire is a tool, light, and warmth. A campfire is actually one of my favorite things about camping. But, a campfire should not be thought of as a right nor a necessity. There are some times and places when a campfire really should be done without.
Areas with too many visitors creating too many fires to allow the replenishment of the fuel supply are being overly impacted.
I think this is probably the most contraversial principle of Leave No Trace. There is more debate and disagreement about this one and I believe that's because it isn't as clean-cut at the others. Please remember that these Leave No Trace principles are guidelines to help you form ethics about interacting with and preserving the quality of our wild lands.
Minimizing campfire impacts includes:

• knowing local regulations regarding campfires
• using an alternative to a campfire:
  • for cooking, consider using backpacking stoves which are fast, clean, eliminate need for firewood, and have zero local impact
  • for warmth, bring and use adequate clothing rather than huddling by a fire
  • for lighting, try a candle lantern
• using an existing campfire ring in established sites
• going without a campfire when wood is scarce, such as desert, alpine, or high-use areas
• building a 'Leave No Trace' fire:
  • remove trash from fire area and pack it out
  • use only dead and down wood
  • use wood you can easily break by hand
  • burn all wood to ash to eliminate left-over black wood
  • scatter cool ashes far from campsite

Minimizing campfire impact ensures:

• pristine areas stay pristine
• fires exist only in established sites
• forests are able to maintain or recover their supply of firewood

There are many different fire management practices in place, depending on the location. Some land managers want people to consume more firewood to prevent explosive wildfires while others have banned all campfires. Be sure to check with local authorities to ensure you are following their regulations or recommendations.

Respect Wildlife

Remember that we are visitors to someone else's home when we go into the wild - the residents are the animals. Not only that, they did not invite us to visit! So, understanding and respecting their needs is critically important.
Keep wildlife Wild.
Respecting wildlife includes:

• being quiet
• observing from a distance
• moving slowly when around animals
• avoiding disturbing their nests, food and water sources, and resting areas
• being aware of their breeding and birthing seasons and giving them more space
• managing our food, garbage, and other attractants to prevent disrupting their natural eating habits
• controlling pets at all times

Respecting wildlife ensures:

• animals will continue to occupy the areas we visit
• animals will not become nuisances 

Be Considerate of Other Visitors

All of these Leave No Trace principles have an aim of preserving the country for future visits. Being considerate of other visitors is reminding us to care for visitors today as well as tomorrow. By being thoughtful of others, you preserve the quality of their experience and most likely impress on them some of your ethical beliefs.
Being considerate includes:

• traveling in small groups to be less of a visual impact
• using clothes and gear of a neutral, natural color to minimize visual impact
• leaving radios and the like at home and keeping your group's noise level low
• maintaining distance between your group and others of which you are aware
• respecting private property and regulations on public property
• showing courtesy to others you meet and following common trail etiquette

Being considerate ensures:

• a more fulfilling experience for everyone
• further distribution of the Leave No Trace ethics
• a better impression of your group that may get passed on to local land managers

Please click the link above for more details. Happy reading brothers and sisters!

Motorcycle Philippines: The #1 Motoring Enthusiast Community in the Country

http://www.motorcyclephilippines.com/forums/index.php


I am promoting this forum site to all motorcycle enthusiast out there. All queries and questions regarding motorcycle parts, brands, laws and etc will be answered here. Join now! It such a big help to us motorcycle riders.

My Ride: Kawasaki Fury 125 R

Dimension

Dry weight 96 kg

Ground clearance 145 mm

Overall height 970 mm

Overall length 1,920 mm

Overall width 645 mm

Seat height 765 mm

Wheelbase 1,245 mm

Engine

Type 4-stroke, Air Cooled, Single Cylinder, SOHC

Displacement 125 cm3

Bore and Stroke 56.0 mm X 50.6 mm

Max. Power 6.6kW / 8,000 rpm

Max. torque 8.9 N.m / 6,000 rpm

Starting Kick and Electric

Transmission 4-speed, Rotary

Frame

Type Steel, Backbone

Suspension : front Telescopic fork

Rear Single shock

Tire : front, rear 70/90- 17, 80/90- 17

Brakes : front, rear Single Disc, Drum

Fuel tank capacity 5.2 liter

Caster (Rake angle) 26.5°

Steering angle L/R 42° / 42°

Wheel travel FR/RR 100 mm / 100 mm

Compression Ratio: 9.8:1

Ignition System: DC-CDI

Starting system: Electric / Kick

Carburator: Keihin PB18 18mm

Spark Plugs: NGK C6HSA

Lubrication System: Forced Wet-Sump

Engine Oil: 10W-40 Multigrade

Type: API SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ, SL, JASO MA

Capacity: 1.1 Liters (1.2 Quarts)

Transmission Type: 4-Speed, Rotary Shift (Down)

Clutch Type: Centrifugal

Driving System: Chain Drive

Primary Reduction Ratio: 3.409 (75/22)

Final Reduction Ratio: 2.571 (36/14)

Overall Drive RAtio: 9.529

Gear Ratios:

1st Gear: 3.000 (36.12)

2nd Gear: 1.938 (31/16)

3rd Gear: 1.350 (27/20)

4th Gear: 1.087 (25/23)

Rim Sizes:

Front: 17 x 1.40

Rear: 17 x 1.60

Electricals:

Battery: 12V 3 Amps

Headlight: 12V 35Watts

Tail Light: 12V 5Watss

Brake Light: 12V 21Watts

Park Light: 12V 5Watts

Enkei Mag Wheels

IRC Tire 80/80F - 80/90R

Current Upgrades:

Denso IUF22 Irridium Sparkplug

Tencut Racing Pipe

Kawangis Climb Buddies: Henry, Keso, Clifford and Cousins

During our climb, some members have their own climb buddies. I would like to take this opportunity to introduced to you them. Lets start with Henry and Keso, both are climb buddies of Jasmine and Narriel. Henry's birthday is on February 16, 2004 and Keso's Birthday is on October 19, 2006. Here are some mountains/beaches which both of them had scaled: Mt. Pulag, Manabu Peak, Magalawa Island, Mt. Batulao. 

On the other hand, Me and Mhean's climb buddies are Clifford and Bogart. Both are new in terms of scaling a mountain and as of now they only have scaled 2 mountains: Manabu Peak and Mt. Apo.

Here are some pictures of them:

Clifford

Bogart

Clifford and Bogart @ Mt. Apo Summit

Clifford, Henry,  Keso and cousins @ Manabu Peak during our group's anniversary climb

Henry and Keso scaling Mt. Pulag

Henry and Keso @ Mt. Pulag Campsite

Clifford, Bogart, Henry, Keso and Cousins says: "See you on the higher grounds guys!"

Carburetor: Know How and What and A/F Tuning

MAIN JET
Function: The main jet controls the amount of fuel that’s used during half to full—throttle applications. The number on the side of the jet is indicative of its hole diameter. The higher the number on the main jet, the larger the diameter of the hole that’s running through it, and therefore more fuel is allowed to pass.

Scenarios: If you notice that your bike is cutting out or popping from about half to full throttle, then the main jet is most likely too small, and therefore not allowing enough fuel into the system (i.e. it’s running too lean). In this situation you’ll want to go with a larger main jet to allow more fuel to pass. If the main jet is too big, on the other hand, too much fuel will pass and the bike will run rich. When this is the case you may experience a lot of smoking and the bike will feel stuffy and unable to clean itself out.

Location: The main jet is located on the bottom of the carburetor underneath the 17mm nut. 

PILOT JET
Function: The pilot jet controls the amount of fuel that’s allowed to pass during closed to quarter—throttle applications. Just like the main jet, the number on the side of the jet is indicative of its hole diameter. The higher the number on the pilot jet, the larger the diameter of the hole that’s running through it, and therefore more fuel is allowed to pass.

Scenarios: If your bike is feeling zingy and poppy off the bottom, which is indicative of running too lean, you’ll want to go to a larger pilot jet to give the system more fuel. If you’re having trouble starting your bike, a lot of times this problem can be remedied by simply installing a bigger pilot jet. Coersely, if you’re fouling a lot of spark plugs, the system is too rich and you’ll want to go with a smaller pilot jet.

Location: The pilot jet is located in the float bowl underneath the float bowl cover on the bottom of the carburetor.

Remove and Replace: T o get to the pilot jet you’ll need a Phillips screwdriver to first remove the float bowl. Once inside, the pilot jet can be removed using a small flat blade screwdriver. Replace the jet with the appropriate size. As with the main jet, ensure that the new jet is clean and unclogged by spraying carburetor cleaner through it. Refer to your owner’s manual to find out what size jet you’re going to need. Again, I recommend going one step at a time.

NEEDLE JET
Function: Like the main and pilot jets, the needle is a fuel metering system. It affects from quarter to three quarter throttle—basically anywhere in the mid-range. The needle takes on a new position in the carburetor by simply moving its clip position. The needle clip position is always counted from the top down, with the top slot assigned as position one.

Scenarios: If your bike is bogging down or smoking a lot you’re going to want to raise the clip position, which in turn allows the needle to drop farther down into its slot. This restricts the amount of fuel that’s allowed in, making the mixture leaner. If the bike is vibrating in your hands and really zingy, it’s probably running too lean. To combat this you’ll want to lower the clip position, raising the needle, thereby allowing more fuel into the mixture. If you’re having to run your bike with the needle at either the very top or very bottom positions, chances are good that you need to go with a different taper of needle altogether. Refer to your owner’s manual to explore your options.

Location: The needle jet is located in the slide and can be accessed through the top of the carburetor.

Remove and Change: Using a Phillips screwdriver, remove the top cover of the carburetor. After pulling the slide out of the top of the carb, pull the spring up and remove the throttle cable from the slide. With the throttle cable disconnected, use a 6mm socket to loosen the needle so that it can be pulled out of the slide. Now it’s time to change the clip position. Be careful that the clip doesn’t pop off and fly out of sight. Work on a flat surface and try your best to shield. The clip is small and a pain in the butt to find if you lose it. Once the clip is in its new position, reinstall it by following the same steps in reverse.

AIR SCREW
Function: The airscrew’s function is simply to allow air into the carburetor, so it doesn’t directly meter fuel. It is a great tool for fine-tuning the snap and overall bottom-end throttle response of your bike.

Scenarios: Any situation that is indicative of how crisp your bike is hitting off the bottom, whether you’re exiting a slow-speed corner or your bike’s sitting on the stand, can guide you in the right airscrew setting. When your bike is acting lean, turn the airscrew in (clockwise). When it feels a bit too rich, open the screw to allow more air into the mixture.

Location: The airscrew is a flathead screw that is located on the side of the carburetor.

Adjusting: The airscrew requires a flathead screwdriver for adjustments. Start by turning the screw clockwise all the way in until it reaches its closed position. A good rule of thumb is to go all the way in and then back it out one and a half turns. From there, turn it in or out until your bike feels like it has just the right amount of snap on the bottom end. The minimum adjustment is generally about one full turn out, and the maximum that you’ll ever want to go is about two and a half turns out. If you’re anywhere out of that range, look at changing the size of the pilot jet.

FUEL SCREW (four-strokes only)
Function: The fuel screw is a very important fuel-metering device on a four-stroke. In many cases it is even more important than your pilot or main jet. Performance can be increased substantially by simply adjusting this screw.

If you notice a bog when you snap the throttle, the fuel screw is most likely set too rich. When the bike’s running too lean, instead of a bog, you’ll experience a cut out and your bike may stall on you.

Location: The fuel screw is located on the bottom front of the carburetor.

Adjusting: Adjusting the fuel screw requires either a special, short-length screwdriver, or tilting or removal of the carb. The fuel screw operates in basically the opposite way that the airscrew does. If you turn it in, instead of getting richer, it gets leaner. Turning it out allows more fuel to pass, making it richer. I recommend going in quarter turn increments to fine-tune it. Anywhere between one and two and a half turns out is usually ideal. Anything outside of that range usually indicates that a pilot jet change is required.

IDLE SCREW
Function: The function of the idle screw is simply to adjust the speed at which your bike will rev at closed throttle.

Scenarios: Most people find it ideal to adjust the idle so that their bike runs without stalling, without any help from the throttle. You also don’t want your bike super high revving, either. Find that happy medium. A lot of times you’ll find that if you’re stalling your bike in corners, you can prevent this by simply turning your idle up. If your idle’s set too high, your bike may have the tendency to creep on you in slow speed corners.

Location: The idle screw is located on the side of your carburetor, usually right above the airscrew.

Adjusting: It can be adjusted with a flathead screwdriver, or sometimes with your hand on a four-stroke carb. Start your bike up and allow it to get warmed up a bit. Turn the idle screw in for higher idle, or out for a lower idle speed.

From:

http://motocross.transworld.net/2005...ip-jet-setter/

Right Mixture

Rich Mixture (too much gas, fewer air)

Lean Mixture (too much air, fewer gas)

Pictures courtesy of Sir Wolver888 from MCP

When tuning your carburetors air/fuel mixture this is how it works turning your screw clockwise will make less air to come in (rich mixture) and when your turning the screw counter clockwise you'll be getting less gas (lean mixture). the conventional way of tuning the carburetor is start the engine run it for a few meters stop and check the color of your spark plug then basing at the color turn the a/f screw depending on the color if its white or black do this until you get the right mixture (rusty brown). 

Repost: HaTaKe_KaKaShi from Motorcycle Philippines